Coated hard alloy blade member

ABSTRACT

A coated hard alloy blade member is disclosed which includes a substrate formed of a hard alloy of a WC-based cemented carbide or a TiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating deposited on the substrate. The hard coating includes an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape and an outer layer of Al 2  O 3  having a crystal form κ or κ+α wherein κ&gt;α. The resulting blade member is highly resistant to wear and fracturing, and possesses cutting ability of a higher level.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to coated hard alloy blade members or cutting tools having exceptional steel and cast iron cutting ability for both continuous and interrupted cutting.

2. Background Art

Until now, the use of a coated cemented carbide cutting tool made by using either chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition to apply a coating layer of an average thickness of 0.5-20 μm comprised of either multiple layers or a single layer of one or more of titanium carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride, titanium oxycarbide, titanium oxycarbonitride, and aluminum oxide (hereafter indicated by TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiCO, TiCNO, and Al₂ O₃) onto a WC-based cemented carbide substrate for cutting steel or cast iron has been widely recognized.

The most important technological advance that led to the wide usage of the above-mentioned coated cemented carbide cutting tool was, as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 52-46347 and Japanese Patent Application No. 51-27171, the development of an exceptionally tough substrate wherein the surface layer of a WC-based cemented carbide substrate included a lot of Co, a binder metal, in comparison with the interior, whereby the fracture resistance of the coated cemented carbide cutting tool rapidly improved.

In addition, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 52-156303 and Japanese Patent Application No. 54-83745, the confirmation that, by sintering the WC-based cemented carbide containing nitrogen in a denitrifying atmosphere such as a vacuum, the surface layer of the WC-based cemented carbide substrate can be made from WC-Co which does not include a hard dispersed phase having a B-1 type crystal structure, whereby it is possible to cheaply produce WC-based cemented carbide having more Co in its surface layer than in the interior, was also important.

Concerning the advancement of the coating layer, coated cemented carbides having coating layers wherein the X-ray diffraction peaks of the Ti compounds such as TiC, TiN, and TiCN have a strong (200) orientation and the Al₂ O₃ has an α-type crystal structure such as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 61-231416 and coated cemented carbides having coating layers wherein the X-ray diffraction peaks of the Ti compounds such as TiC, TiN, and TiCN have a strong (220) orientation and the Al₂ O₃ has a κ-type crystal structure such as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 62-29263 have little variation in the tool life.

Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application No. 2-156663 shows that a coated cemented carbide having a coating layer wherein the TiC has a strong (111) orientation and the Al₂ O₃ is of the κ-type has the features that there is less spalling of the coating layer and has a long life.

However, since the Ti compounds such as TiC of Japanese Patent Application No. 61-231416, Japanese Patent Application No. 62-29263, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2-156663 are coated by the normal CVD method, the crystal structure is in a granular form identical to the coating layers of the past, and the cutting ability was not always satisfactory.

Additionally, Japanese Patent Application No. 50-16171 discloses that coating is possible with the use of organic gas for a portion of the reaction gas, at a relatively low temperature. In this patent, the crystal structure of the coating layer is not described, and furthermore, the crystal structure may have a granular form, or the crystals may grow in one direction (elongated crystals) depending on the coating conditions. Moreover, in the references given in this patent, the coating layer is made up of only TiCN, and Al₂ O₃ is not disclosed. Additionally, this TiCN had a low bonding strength with the substrate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In recent years cutting technology has shown remarkable progress towards unmanned, high speed processes. Therefore, tools which are highly resistant to wear and fracturing are required. Consequently, the present inventors conducted research to develop a coated cemented carbide cutting tool having cutting ability of a higher level.

It was discovered that by coating the surface of a WC-based cemented carbide substrate and a TiCN-based cermet substrate with TiCN having crystals growing in one direction (elongated crystals) as an inner layer, and coating with Al₂ O₃ having a crystal structure κ or κ+α wherein κ>α as an outer layer, remarkable steel and cast iron cutting ability was shown for both continuous cutting and interrupted cutting.

Thus, the coated hard alloy blade member in accordance with the present invention comprises a substrate formed of a hard alloy selected from the group consisting of a WC-based cemented carbide and a TiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating deposited on said substrate, the hard coating including an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape and an outer layer of Al₂ O₃ having a crystal form κ or κ+α wherein κ>α.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a photograph of a coated cemented carbide blade member in accordance with the present invention as taken by a scanning electron microscope.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The coated hard alloy blade member or cutting tool in accordance with the present invention will now be described in detail.

As mentioned before, the coated hard alloy blade member in accordance with the present invention comprises a substrate formed of a hard alloy selected from the group consisting of a WC-based cemented carbide and a TiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating deposited on said substrate, the hard coating including an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape and an outer layer of Al₂ O₃ having a crystal form κ or κ+α wherein κ>α.

In order to practicalize the present invention, it is first necessary to coat the substrate with elongated crystal TiCN having high bonding strength. If the conditions are such that, for example, during the coating of the TiCN, the percentages of the respective volumes are: TiCl₄ : 1-10%, CH₃ CN: 0.1-5%, N₂ : 0-35%, H₂ : the rest, the reaction temperature is 800-950° C., the pressure is 30-500 Torr, and furthermore, the CH₃ CN gas is decreased to 0.01-0.1% at the beginning of the coating as a first coating reaction for 1-120 minutes, then the CH₃ CN gas is increased to 0.1-1% as a second coating reaction, then elongated crystal TiCN having high bonding strength can be obtained. The thickness of the TiCN coating layer should preferably be 1-20 μm. This is because at less than 1 μm the wear resistance worsens, and at more than 20 μm the fracture resistance worsens.

Furthermore, during the coating of the TiCN, if the reaction temperature or the amount of CH₃ CN is increased, the (200) plane component of the X-ray diffraction pattern of the TiCN becomes weaker than the (111) and (220) plane components, the bonding strength with the Al₂ O₃ in the upper layer which has κ as its main form increases, and the wear resistance goes up.

Next, Al₂ O₃ of κ form or κ+α form wherein form κ>α is coated. For coating Al₂ O₃ which has κ as its principal form, the conditions should be such that, for example, the reaction gas is made up of the following volume percentages in the first 1-120 minutes: AlCl₃ :1-20%, HCl: 1-20% and/or H₂ S: 0.05-5% as needed, and H₂ : the rest, and a first reaction be performed, then afterwards, a second reaction is performed in which AlCl₃ : 1-20%, CO₂ : 0.5-30%, HCl: 1-20% and/or H₂ S: 0.05-5% as needed, and H₂ : the rest, with the conditions of a reaction temperature of 850-1000° C. and pressure of 30-500 Torr.

The thickness of this Al₂ O₃ coating layer should preferably be 0.1-10 μm. At less than 0.1 μm the wear resistance worsens, while at over 10 μm the fracturing resistance worsens.

The combined thickness of the first TiCN layer and the second Al₂ O₃ layer should preferably be 2-30 μm.

The K ratio of the κ+α Al₂ O₃ of the present invention uses a peak from Cu-κα X-ray diffraction, and is determined the following equation, wherein if κ>α then the κ ratio is over 50%. ##EQU1## wherein I.sub.κ2.79 : The height of the X-ray diffraction peak for ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) No.4-0878 with a plane index spacing of d=2.79

I.sub.κ1.43 : The height of the X-ray diffraction peak for ASTM No. 4-0878 with a plane index spacing of d=1.43

I.sub.α2.085 : The height of the X-ray diffraction peak for ASTM No. 10-173 with a plane index spacing of d=2.085 (the (113) plane)

I.sub.α1.601 : The height of the X-ray diffraction peak for ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) No. 10-173 with a plane index spacing of d=1.601 (the (116) plane)

As further modified embodiments of the present invention, the following are included.

(1) As an outermost layer, either one or both of TiN or TiCN may be coated on the outer Al₂ O₃ layer. The reason for this coating layer is to discriminate between areas of use, and a thickness of 0.1-2 μm is preferable.

(2) As an innermost layer, either one or more of TiN, TiC, or TiCN (granular form) may be coated underneath the inner TiCN layer. By coating with this innermost layer, the bonding strength of the elongated crystal TiCN improves and the wear resistance improves. The most preferable thickness for this coating is 0.1-5 μm.

(3) Between the inner TiCN layer and the outer Al₂ O₃ layer, either one or more of TiN, TiC, or TiCN (granular form) may be coated as a first intermediate layer. This first intermediate layer improves the wear resistance during low speed cutting. However, during high speed cutting, it worsens the wear resistance. The most preferable thickness for this first intermediate layer is 1-7 μm.

(4) Between the inner TiCN layer and the outer Al₂ O₃ layer, either one or both of TiCO, TiCNO is coated as a second intermediate layer. This second intermediate layer increases the bonding strength between the elongated crystal TiCN and the κ or κ+α form Al₂ O₃. The most preferable thickness of this second intermediate layer is 0.1-2 μm.

(5) It is possible to combine the above-mentioned (1)-(4) as appropriate.

(6) The inner layer coated with elongated crystal TiCN may be divided by one or more TiN layers to define a divided TiCN layer. This divided TiCN layer is less susceptible to chipping, and the fracture resistance improves.

(7) With the divided elongated TiCN described above and the κ or κ+α form Al₂ O₃, it is possible to coat with an outermost layer of one or both of TiN or TiCN as in (1) above, coat with an innermost layer of one or more of TiN, TiC, or TiCN as in (2) above, coat with a first intermediate layer of one or more of TiC, TiN, or TiCN as in (3) above, coat with a second intermediate layer of one or both of TiCO or TiCNO as in (4) above, or to take a combination of them.

(8) The most preferable composition of the WC-based cemented carbide substrate is, by the percentage of weight, as follows:

    ______________________________________     Co: 4-12%     Ti: 0-7%    Ta: 0-7%     Nb: 0-4%      Cr: 0-2%      N: 0-1%      W and C: the rest     ______________________________________

Unavoidable impurities such as O, Fe, In, and MO are also included.

(9) For the WC-based cemented carbide of the present invention, for lathe turning of steel, it is preferable that the cemented carbide be such that the amount of Co or Co+Cr in the surface portion (the highest value from the surface to within 100 μm) be 1.5 to 5 times the amount in the interior (1 mm from the surface), and for lathe turning of cast iron, it is preferable that there is no enrichment of the Co or Co+Cr, and that the amount of Co or Co+Cr be small. Furthermore, in the case of steel milling, cemented carbide in which there has been no enrichment of the Co or Co+Cr, and the amount of Co or Co+Cr is large, is preferable.

(10) The most preferable composition of the TiCN-based cermet substrate is, by the percentage of weight, as follows:

    ______________________________________     Co: 2-14%      Ni: 2-12%   Ta: 2-20%     Nb: 0.1-10%     W: 5-30%   Mo: 5-20%      N: 2-8%       Ti and C: the rest     Cr, V, Zr, Hf: 0-5%     ______________________________________

Unavoidable impurities such as O and Fe are included.

(11) In the TiCN-based cermet of the present invention, the substrate surface layer (the largest value within 100 μm of the surface) should be 5% or more harder than the interior (1 mm from the surface) or there should be no difference between the hardnesses of the surface layer and the interior.

The present invention will be explained in more detail by way of the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1

As the raw materials, medium grain WC powder having an average particle size of 3 μm, 5 μm coarse grain WC powder, 1.5 μm (Ti, W)C (by weight ratio, TiC/WC=30/70) powder, 1.2 μm (Ti, W)(C, N) (TiC/TiN/WC=24/20/56) powder, 1.5 μm Ti(C, N) (TiC/TiN=50/50) powder, 1.6 μm (Ta, Nb)C (TaC/NbC=90/10) powder, 1.8 μm TaC powder, 1.1 μm MO₂ C powder, 1.7 μm ZrC powder, 1.8 μm Cr₃ C₂ powder, 2.0 μm Ni powder, 2.2 μm NiAl (Al: 31% by weight) powder, and 1.2 μm Co powder were prepared, then these raw material powders were blended in the compositions shown in Table 1 and wet-mixed in a ball mill for 72 hours. After drying, they were press-shaped into green compacts of the form of ISO (International Standardization Organization) CNMG 120408 (cemented carbide substrates A-D, cermet substrates F-G) and ISO (International Standardization Organization) 42 AFTN 1 (cemented carbide substrates E and E'), then these green compacts were sintered under the conditions described in Table 1, thus resulting in the production of cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substrates F-G.

Experimental values taken at over 1 mm from the surface of the sintered compacts of the cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and the cermet substrates F-G are as shown in Table 2.

Furthermore, in the case of the above cemented carbide substrate B, after maintenance in an atmosphere of CH₄ gas at 100 torr and a temperature of 1400° C. for 1 hour, a gradually cooling carburizing procedure was run, then, by removing the carbon and Co attached to the substrate surface using acid and barrel polishing, a Co-rich region 40 μm deep was formed in the substrate surface layer wherein, at a position 10 μm from the surface the maximum Co content was 15% by weight.

Additionally, in the case of cemented carbide substrates A and D above, while sintered, a Co-rich region 20 μm deep was formed wherein, at a position 15 μm from the surface, the maximum Co content was 11% and 9% by weight, respectively, and in the remaining cemented carbide substrates C, E and E' , no Co-rich region was formed, and they had similar compositions over their entirety.

In the above cermet substrates F and G, in the sintered state, a surface layer harder than the interior existed. The hardnesses at the surface and 1 mm below the surface for the cermet substrates F and G are shown in Table 2.

Next, after honing the surfaces of the cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substrates F and G, by forming coating layers under the special coating conditions shown in Tables 3(a) and 3(b) and having the compositions, crystal structures, orientation of TiCN (shown, starting from the left, in the order of the intensity of the corresponding X-ray diffraction peak) and average thicknesses shown in Table 4 by using a chemical vapor deposition apparatus, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 1-12 and 15-26, the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 13, 14, 27, and 28, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 1-12 and 15-26, and the coated cermet cutting tools 13, 14, 27, and 28 of the prior art were produced.

Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 1-10 and 15-24, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 1-10 and 15-24, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar

Cutting Speed: 270 m/min

Feed: 0.25 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 2 mm

Cutting Time: 30 min

in which a determination was made whether or not the cutting failed due to tears made in the workpiece because of chipping of the cutting blade or spalling of the coating layer. Then, for those which were able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wear was measured. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar with groove

Cutting Speed: 250 m/min

Feed: 0.25 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1.5 mm

Cutting Time: 40 min

in which a determination was made whether or not the cutting failed due to trouble such as fracturing or chipping of the cutting blade. Then, for those which were able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wear was measured.

For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 11, 12, 25 and 26, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 11, 12, 25 and 26, a mild steel milling test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel square block

Cutting Speed: 250 m/min

Feed: 0.35 mm/tooth

Depth of Cut: 2.5 mm

Cutting Time: 40 min

in which a determination was made whether or not the milling failed due to trouble such as chipping of the cutting blade. Then, for those which were able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wear was measured.

For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 13, 14, 27 and 28, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 13, 14, 27 and 28, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar

Cutting Speed: 320 m/min

Feed: 0.25 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1 mm

Cutting Time: 20 min

in which a determination was made whether or not the cutting failed due to chipping or fracturing of the cutting blade. Then, for those which were able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wear was measured. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar with groove

Cutting Speed: 300 m/min

Feed: 0.20 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1 mm

Cutting Time: 20 min

in which a determination was made whether or not the cutting failed due to trouble such as chipping of the cutting blade. Then, for those which were able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wear was measured.

The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 4-7. As is able to be seen from Tables 4-7, all of the coated cemented carbide cutting tools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention demonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip the cutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in addition to exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.

EXAMPLE 2

Using the same cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substrates F and G as Example 1, under the same coating conditions as shown in Tables 3(a) and 3(b) in Example 1, by forming coating layers of the composition, crystal structures, and average thicknesses shown in Tables 8 and 9, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 29-40, the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 41 and 42, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 29-40, and the coated cermet cutting tools 41 and 42 of the prior art were produced.

Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 29-38, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 29-38, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar

Cutting Speed: 250 m/min

Feed: 0.27 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 2 mm

Cutting Time: 30 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar with groove

Cutting Speed: 230 m/min

Feed: 0.27 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1.5 mm

Cutting Time: 40 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 39 and 40, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 39 and 40, a mild steel milling test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel square block

Cutting Speed: 230 m/min

Feed: 0.37 mm/tooth

Depth of Cut: 2.5 mm

Cutting Time: 40 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 41 and 42, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 41 and 42, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar

Cutting Speed: 300 m/min

Feed: 0.27 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1 mm

Cutting Time: 20 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar with groove

Cutting Speed: 280 m/min

Feed: 0.22 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1 mm

Cutting Time: 20 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 8, 9(a) and 9(b). As is able to be seen from Tables 8, 9(a) and 9(b), all of the coated cemented carbide cutting tools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention demonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip the cutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in addition to exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.

EXAMPLE 3

Using the same cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substrates F and G as Example 1, under the same coating conditions as shown in Tables 3(a) and 3(b) in Example 1, by forming coating layers of the composition, crystal structures, and average thickness shown in Tables 10-13, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 43-54 and 57-68, the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 55, 56, 69 and 70, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 43-54 and 57-68, and the coated cermet cutting tools 55, 56, 69 and 70 of the prior art were produced. FIG. 1 shows a photograph of the surface layer of the coated cemented carbide cutting tool of the present invention as taken by a scanning electron microscope.

Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 43-52 and 57-66, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 43-52 and 57-66, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar

Cutting Speed: 280 m/min

Feed: 0.23 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 2 mm

Cutting Time: 30 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar with groove

Cutting Speed: 260 m/min

Feed: 0.23 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1.5 mm

Cutting Time: 40 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 53, 54, 67 and 68, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 53, 54, 67 and 68, a mild steel milling test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel square block

Cutting Speed: 260 m/min

Feed: 0.33 mm/tooth

Depth of Cut: 2.5 mm

Cutting Time: 40 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 55, 56, 69 and 70, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 55, 56, 69 and 70, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar

Cutting Speed: 330 m/min

Feed: 0.23 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1 mm

Cutting Time: 20 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar with groove

Cutting Speed: 310 m/min

Feed: 0.18 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1 mm

Cutting Time: 20 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 10-13. As is able to be seen from Tables 10-13, all of the coated cemented carbide cutting tools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention demonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip the cutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in addition to exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.

EXAMPLE 4

Using the same cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substrates F and G as Example 1, under the same coating conditions as shown in Tables 3(a) and 3(b) in Example 1, by forming coating layers of the composition, crystal structures, and average thicknesses shown in Tables 14-17, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 71-82 and 85-96, the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 83, 84, 97 and 98, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 71-82 and 85-96, and the coated cermet cutting tools 83, 84, 97 and 98 of the prior art were produced.

Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 71-80 and 85-94, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 71-80 and 85-94, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar

Cutting Speed: 260 m/min

Feed: 0.26 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 2 mm

Cutting Time: 30 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar with groove

Cutting Speed: 240 m/min

Feed: 0.26 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1.5 mm

Cutting Time: 40 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 81, 82, 95 and 96, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 81, 82, 95 and 96, a mild steel milling test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel square block

Cutting Speed: 240 m/min

Feed: 0.36 mm/tooth

Depth of Cut: 2.5 mm

Cutting Time: 40 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 83, 84, 97 and 98, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 83, 84, 97 and 98, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar

Cutting Speed: 310 m/min

Feed: 0.26 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1 mm

Cutting Time: 20 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar with groove

Cutting Speed: 290 m/min

Feed: 0.21 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1 mm

Cutting Time: 20 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 14-17. As is able to be seen from Tables 14-17, all of the coated cemented carbide cutting tools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention demonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip the cutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in addition to exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.

EXAMPLE 5

Using the same cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substrates F and G as Example 1, under the same coating conditions as shown in Tables 3(a) and 3(b) in Example 1, by forming coating layers of the composition, crystal structures, and average thicknesses shown in Tables 18-21, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 99-112 and 122-126, the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 113-121, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 99-112 and 122-126, and the coated cermet cutting tools 113-121 of the prior art were produced.

Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 99-112, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 99-112, a mild steel high-feed continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar

Cutting Speed: 210 m/min

Feed: 0.38 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 2 mm

Cutting Time: 30 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, a deep cut interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar

Cutting Speed: 210 m/min

Feed: 0.23 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 4 mm

Cutting Time: 40 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 122-126, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 122-126, a mild steel milling test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel square block

Cutting Speed: 260 m/min

Feed: 0.33 mm/tooth

Depth of Cut: 3 mm

Cutting Time: 40 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 113-121, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 113-121, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar

Cutting Speed: 340 m/min

Feed: 0.22 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1 mm

Cutting Time: 20 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,

Workpiece: mild steel round bar with groove

Cutting Speed: 320 m/min

Feed: 0.17 mm/rev

Depth of Cut: 1 mm

Cutting Time: 20 min

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 18-21. As is able to be seen from Tables 18-21, all of the coated cemented carbide cutting tools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention demonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip the cutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in addition to exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.

Finally, the present applications claims the priorities of Japanese Patent Applications Nos. 6-141100, 6-141101, 6-141122 and 6-141123 filed May 31, 1994, Japanese Patent Applications Nos. 6-156842, 6-156843, 6-156844 and 6-156845 filed Jun. 15, 1994, and Japanese Patent Application (No. is not fixed yet) filed Sep. 19, 1994, which are all incorporated herein by reference.

                                      TABLE 1     __________________________________________________________________________                                          Sintering Conditions            Blend Composition (% by weight)      Temperature                                                       Holding     Type   Co (Ti, W)C                    (Ti, W)CN                          (Ta, Nb)C                               Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2                                   WC     Pressure                                                 (° C.)                                                       Time(hours)     __________________________________________________________________________     Cemented          A 6  --   6     4    --  Balance                                          Vacuum 1380  1     Carbide                       (medium grain)                                          (0.10 torr)     Substrate          B 5  5    --    5    --  Balance                                          Vacuum 1450  1                                   (medium grain)                                          (0.05 torr)          C 9  8    --    5    --  Balance                                          Vacuum 1380  1.5                                   (medium grain)                                          (0.05 torr)          D 5  --   5     3    --  Balance                                          Vacuum 1410  1                                   (medium grain)                                          (0.05 torr)          E 10 --   --    2    --  Balance                                          Vacuum 1380  1                                   (coarse grain)                                          (0.05 torr)          E'            10 --   --    --   0.7 Balance                                          Vacuum 1380  1                                   (coarse grain)                                          (0.05 torr)     Cerment          F 30.2 TiC - 23 TiN - 10 TaC - 13 WC - 10 Mo.sub.2 C - 0.5 ZrC - 8            Co -                          Vacuum 1500  1.5     Substrate            5 Ni - 0.3 NiAl               (0.10 torr)          G 57 TiCN - 10 TaC - 1 NbC - 9 WC - 9 Mo.sub.2 C - 7 Co - 7                                          N.sub.2 Atmosphere                                                 1520  1.5                                          (10 torr)     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 2     __________________________________________________________________________                                           Hardness                                           Interior                                               Surface            Composition of Sintered Body (% by weight)                                           (HRA)                                               (HRA)     __________________________________________________________________________     Cemented          A 6.1 Co - 2.1 Ti - 3.4 Ta - 0.4 Nb - Rest (W + C)                                           90.5                                               --     Carbide          B 5.2 Co - 1.2 Ti - 4.2 Ta - 0.4 Nb - Rest (W + C)                                           91.0                                               --     Substrate          C 9.C Co - 1.9 Ti - 4.3 Ta - 0.4 Nb - Rest (W + C)                                           90.3                                               --          D 5.2 Co - 1.7 Ti - 2.5 Ta - 0.3 Nb - Rest (W + C)                                           91.1                                               --          E 9.8 Co - 1.7 Ta - 0.2 Nb - Rest (W + C)                                           89.7                                               --          E'            9.8 Co - 0.6 Cr - Rest (W + C) 89.8                                               --     Cerment          F 9.4 Ta - 12.2 W - 9.4 Mo - 0.4 Zr - 7.9 Co - 5.1 Ni - 0.1 Al - 3.8            N -                            91.7                                               92.2     Substrate            Rest (Ti + C)          G 9.5 Ta - 0.9 Nb - 8.5 W - 8.5 Mo - 7.1 Co - 7.0 Ni - 6.8 N - Rest            (Ti + C)                       91.6                                               92.6     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 3 (a)     __________________________________________________________________________      Coating Conditions!            X-ray                    Temperature                                           Pressure     Composition            Orientation                    Gas Composition (% by volume)                                     (°C.)                                           (Torr)     __________________________________________________________________________     Innermost      TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :5, H.sub.2 :Rest                                     1020  50     Layer     Granular TiC     Innermost      TiCl.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :25, H.sub.2 :Rest                                      920  50     Layer     Granular TiN     Innermost      TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :4, N.sub.2 :20,                                     1020b.2 :Rest                                           50     Layer     Granular     TiCN     Inner Layer            (111) (220) (200)                    First Reaction -  860  50     Elongated      TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.05, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2                    :Rest     TiCN           Second Reaction -                    TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.6, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest     Inner Layer            (220) (111) (200)                    First Reaction -  900  50     Elongated      TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.05, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2                    :Rest     TiCN           Second Reaction -                    TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.6, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest     Inner Layer            (111) (200) (220)                    First Reaction -  860  50     Elongated      TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.05, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2                    :Rest     TiCN           Second Reaction -                    TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.3, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest     Inner Layer            (220) (200) (111)                    First Reaction -  900  50     Elongated      TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.3 CN:0.05, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2                    :Rest     TiCN           Second Reaction -                    TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.3 CN:0.3, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest     Inner Layer            (111) (200) (220)                    TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.4 :6, N.sub.2 :2, H.sub.2 :Rest                                     1050  500     Granular     TiCN     Inner Layer            (220) (200) (111)                    TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.4 :4, N.sub.2 :2, H.sub.2 :Rest                                     1050  500     Granular     TICN     Inner Layer            (200) (220) (111)                    TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :2, H.sub.2 :Rest                                     1000  100     Granular     TiCN     Divided        TiCl.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :25, H.sub.2 :Rest                                      900  200     Layer     Granular TiN     Divided        TiCl.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :25, H.sub.2 :Rest                                      860  200     Layer     Granular TiC     First          TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :5, H.sub.2 :Rest                                     1020  50     Intermediate     Layer     Granular TiC     First          TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :4, N.sub.2 :20,                                     1020b.2 :Rest                                           50     Intermediate     Layer     Granular     TiCN     Second         TiCl.sub.4 :4, CO:6, H.sub.2 :Rest                                      980  50     Intermediate     Layer     Granular     TiCO     Second         TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :1.5, CO.sub.2                                     1000, 50     Intermediate   H.sub.2 :Rest     Layer     Granular     TiCNO     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 3 (b)     __________________________________________________________________________            X-ray                    Temperature                                           Pressure     Composition            Orientation                    Gas Composition (% capacity)                                     (°C.)                                           (Torr)     __________________________________________________________________________     Outer Layer            100% K  First Reaction - AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                      970  50     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                    Second Reaction -                    AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :5%, H.sub.2 S:0.3, H.sub.2 :Rest     Outer Layer            94% K   First Reaction - AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                      970  50     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                    Second Reaction -                    AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :5%, H.sub.2 :Rest     Outer Layer            85% K   First Reaction - AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                      980  50     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                    Second Reaction -                    AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :6%, H.sub.2 S:0.2, H.sub.2 :Rest     Outer Layer            73%K    First Reaction - AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                      980  50     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                    Second Reaction -                    AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :6%, H.sub.2 :Reset     Outer Layer            62% K   First Reaction - AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                      990  50     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                    Second Reaction -                    AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :7%, H.sub.2 S:0.2, H.sub.2 :Rest     Outer Layer            55% K   First Reaction - 1000  50     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                    AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest                    Second Reaction -                    AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :8%, H.sub.2 :Rest     Outer Layer            40% K   First Reaction - 1010  50     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                    AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 S:0.05, H.sub.2 :Rest                    Second Reaction -                    AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :9%, H.sub.2 S:0.1, H.sub.2 :Rest     Outer Layer            100% α                    AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :10%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                     1020  100     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3     Outermost      TiCl.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :30, H.sub.2 :Rest                                     1020  200     Layer     Granular TiN     Outermost      TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :4, N.sub.2 :20,                                     1020b.2 :Rest                                           200     Layer     Granular TiN     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 4     __________________________________________________________________________            Sub-               Hard Coating Layer                       Flank Wear            strate               Inner Layer        Outer Layer                                             Outermost Layer                                                        (mm)            Sym-               Com-  Crystal            Crystal    Crystal                                                        Continuous                                                              Interrupted     Type   bol               position                     Structure                          Orientation                                  Composition                                        Structure                                             Composition                                                   Structure                                                        Cutting                                                              Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated           1            A  TiCN(8.4)                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.2)                                        κ:94%                                             TiN(0.5)                                                   Granular                                                        0.17  0.26     Cementing       Growth     Carbide           2            A  TiCN(5.5)                     Elongated                          (220) (111) (200)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (6.2)                                        κ:85%     0.19  0.28     Cutting         Growth     Tool  3            A  TiCN(11.4)                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.8)                                         κ:100%                                             TiCN--                                                   Granular                                                        0.19  0.31     of the          Growth                  TiN(0.7)     Invention           4            B  TiCN(8.2)                     Elongated                          (111) (200) (220)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.1)                                         κ:100%                                             TiN(0.4)                                                   Granular                                                        0.17  0.31                     Growth           5            B  TiCN(5.1)                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (5.2)                                        κ:73%     0.21  0.26                     Growth           6            C  TiCN(10.2)                     Elongated                          (220) (111) (200)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.2)                                        κ:55%                                             TiN(0.3)                                                   Granular                                                        0.22  0.31                     Growth           7            C  TiCN(5.4)                     Elongated                          (220) (200) (111)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.9)                                        κ:62%                                             TiN(0.6)                                                   Granular                                                        0.26  0.34                     Growth           8            D  TiCN(6.4)                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (5.7)                                        κ:73%                                             TiN(0.2)                                                   Granular                                                        0.16  0.26                     Growth           9            D  TiCN(3.7)                     Elongated                          (220) (111) (200)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (8.2)                                        κ:62%     0.17  0.30                     Growth          10            D  TiCN(7.9)                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.5)                                         κ:100%   0.18  0.26                     Growth          11            E  TiCN(4.2)                     Elongated                          (220) (111) (200)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.5)                                         κ:100%   0.17  (Milling)                     Growth          12             E'               TiCN(4.0)                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.4)                                        κ:94%                                             TiN(0.3)                                                   Granular                                                        0.19  (Milling)                     Growth          13            F  TiCN(4.6)                     Elongated                          (220) (111) (200)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.4)                                         κ:100%                                             TiN(0.4)                                                   Granular                                                        0.16  0.29                     Growth          14            G  TiCN(3.2)                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.8)                                        κ:94%                                             TiN(0.2)                                                   Granular                                                        0.16  0.27                     Growth     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 5     __________________________________________________________________________            Sub-               Hard Coating Layer                       Flank Wear            strate               Inner Layer        Outer Layer                                             Outermost Layer                                                        (mm)            Sym-               Com-  Crystal            Crystal    Crystal                                                        Continuous                                                              Interrupted     Type   bol               position                     Structure                          Orientation                                  Composition                                        Structure                                             Composition                                                   Structure                                                        Cutting                                                              Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated           1            A  TiCN(8.5)                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.0)                                        α:100%                                             TiN(0.5)                                                   Granular                                                        0.47  0.60     Cemented                                           (Chipping)                                                              (Chipping)     Carbide           2            A  TiCN(5.4)                     Granular                          (220) (200) (111)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (6.0)                                        α:100%    0.52  0.56     Cutting                                            (Chipping)                                                              (Chipping)     Tools of           3            A  TiCN(11.3)                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.9)                                        κ:40%                                             TiCN--                                                   Granular                                                        0.52  0.65     Prior Art                               TiN(0.8)   (Chipping)                                                              (Chipping)           4            B  TiCN(8.1)                     Granular                          (200) (220) (111)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.2)                                        α:100%                                             TiN(0.3)                                                   Granular                                                        Failure                                                              Failure after                                                        12.8                                                              7.5 min.                                                        due to                                                              due to Layer                                                        Separation                                                              Separation           5            B  TiCN(4.9)                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (5.2)                                        α:100%    Failure                                                              Failure after                                                        10.7                                                              5.3 min.                                                        due to                                                              due to Layer                                                        Separation                                                              Separation           6            C  TiCN(10.3)                     Granular                          (220) (200) (111)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.1)                                        α:100%                                             TiN(0.4)                                                   Granular                                                        Failure                                                              Failure after                                                        5.6 min.                                                              0.8 min.                                                        due to                                                              due to                                                        Separation                                                              Fracturing           7            C  TiCN(5.5)                     Granular                          (200) (220) (111)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.1)                                        κ:40%                                             TiN(0.5)                                                   Granular                                                        Failure                                                              Failure after                                                        10.4                                                              3.2 min.                                                        due to                                                              due to                                                        Separation                                                              Fracturing           8            D  TiCN(6.5)                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (5.6)                                        α:100%                                             TiN(0.3)                                                   Granular                                                        Failure                                                              Failure after                                                        17.1                                                              7.9 min                                                        due to                                                              due to                                                        Chipping                                                              Chipping           9            D  TiCN(3.8)                     Granular                          (220) (200) (111)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (8.4)                                        κ:40%     Failure                                                              Failure after                                                        15.4                                                              5.2 min.                                                        due to                                                              due to                                                        Chipping                                                              Chipping          10            D  TiCN(7.7)                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.4)                                        α:100%    Failure                                                              Failure after                                                        13.6                                                              7.0 min.                                                        due to                                                              due to                                                        Chipping                                                              Chipping     11     E   TiCN(4.1)                     Granular                          (220) (200) (111)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.6)                                        α:100%    Failure after 20.8                                                        min. due                                                        to Chipping (Milling)     12      E' TiCN(3.9)                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.3)                                        α:100%                                             TiN(0.2)                                                   Granular                                                        Failure after 17.7                                                        min. due                                                        to Layer Separation                                                        (Milling)     13     F   TiCN(4.4)                     Granular                          (220) (200) (111)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.4)                                        α:100%                                             TiN(0.4)                                                   Granular                                                        Failure                                                              Failure after                                                        1.0 min.                                                              0.1 min.                                                        due to                                                              due to                                                        Chipping                                                              Fracturing     14     G   TiCN(3.3)                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.9)                                        α:100%                                             TiN(0.3                                                   Granular                                                        Failure                                                              Failure after                                                        2.8 min.                                                              0.2 min                                                        due to                                                              due to                                                        Chipping                                                              Fracturing     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 6     __________________________________________________________________________               Hard Coating Layer                         Flank wear            Sub-                         Outer Layer      (mm)            strate               Innermost Layer                        Inner Layer          Crystal                                                 Outermost Layer                                                          Con-            Sym-               Compo-                   Crystal                        Compo-                            Crystal      Compo-                                             Struc-                                                 Compo-                                                     Crystal                                                          tinuous                                                              Interrupted     Type   bol               sition                   Structure                        sition                            Structure                                 Orientation                                         sition                                             ture                                                 sition                                                     Structure                                                          Cutting                                                              Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          15            A  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (111) (220) (200)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:94%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          0.13                                                              0.15     Cemented  (0.9)    (8.2)                            Growth       (2.1)   (0.8)     Carbide          16            A  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (220) (111) (200)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:85%  0.15                                                              0.14     Cutting   (0.5)    (5.5)                            Growth       (6.1)     Tools of          17            A  TiCN                   Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (111) (220) (200)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:100%                                                 TiCN--                                                     Granular                                                          0.18                                                              0.20     the       (0.8)    (11.2)                            Growth       (1.9)   TiN     Invention                                   (0.8)          18            B  TiC--                   Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (111) (200) (220)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          0.16                                                              0.21               TiN      (8.3)                            Growth       (2.0)   (0.5)               (1.5)          19            B  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (111) (220) (200)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:73%  0.17                                                              0.17               (1.5)    (4.8)                            Growth       (5.5)          20            C  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (220) (111) (200)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:55%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          0.17                                                              0.20               (0.1)    (10.2)                            Growth       (1.2)   (0.3)          21            C  TiC Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (220) (200) (111)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:62%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          0.20                                                              0.22               (0.4)    (5.5)                            Growth       (1.0)   (0.5)          22            D  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (111) (220) (200)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:73%  0.13                                                              0.16               (0.6)    (6.5)                            Growth       (5.3)          23            D  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (220) (111) (200)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:62%  0.16                                                              0.19               (1.2)    (3.9)                            Growth       (8.1)          24            D  TiCN                   Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (111) (220) (200)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:100% 0.17                                                              0.18               (0.6)    (7.8)                            Growth       (2.4)          25            E  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (220) (111) (200)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:100% 0.13                                                              (Milling)               (0.3)    (4.0)                            Growth       (0.6)          26            E' TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (111) (220) (200)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:94%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          0.15                                                              (Milling)               (0.3)    (3.5)                            Growth       (0.4)   (0.3)          27            F  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (220) (111) (200)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          0.15                                                              0.28               (0.7)    (4.5)                            Growth       (0.3)   (0.4)          28            G  TiN--                   Granular                        TiCN                            Elongated                                 (111) (220) (200)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:94%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          0.14                                                              0.27               TiCN     (3.1)                            Growth       (0.7)   (0.2)               (0.9)     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 7 (a)     __________________________________________________________________________               Hard Coating Layer                         Flank wear            Sub-                         Outer Layer      (mm)            strate               Innermost Layer                        Inner Layer          Crystal                                                 Outermost Layer                                                          Con- Inter-            Sym-               Compo-                   Crystal                        Compo-                            Crystal      Compo-                                             Struc-                                                 Compo-                                                     Crystal                                                          tinuous                                                               rupted     Type   bol               sition                   Structure                        sition                            Structure                                 Orientation                                         sition                                             ture                                                 sition                                                     Structure                                                          Cutting                                                               Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          15            A  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (111) (200) (220)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          0.39 0.53     Cemented  (1.0)    (8.1)            (2.0)   (0.8)    (Chipping)                                                               (Chipping)     Carbide          16            A  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (220) (200) (111)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100% 0.43 0.50     Cutting   (0.5)    (5.3)            (6.0)            (Chipping)                                                               (Chipping)     Tools of          17            A  TiCN                   Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (111) (200) (220)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:40%                                                 TiCN--                                                     Granular                                                          0.51 0.58     Prior Art (0.7)    (11.4)           (2.1)   TiN      (Chipping)                                                               (Chipping)                                                 (0.7)          18            B  TiC--                   Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (200) (220) (111)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure                                                               Failure               TiN      (8.4)            (1.9)   (0.4)    after                                                               after 8.1               (1.4)                                      min.                                                               min. due                                                          to                                                               to Layer                                                          Separation                                                               Separation          19            B  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (111) (200) (220)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100% Failure                                                               Failure               (1.8)    (4.2)            (4.9)            after                                                               after 7.5                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to                                                               to Layer                                                          Separation                                                               Separation          20            C  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (220) (200) (111)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure                                                               Failure               (0.1)    (10.0)           (1.1)   (0.3)    after                                                               after 1.7                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to                                                               toyer                                                          Separation                                                               Fracturing          21            C  TiC Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (200) (220) (111)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:40%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure                                                               Failure               (0.5)    (5.4)            (0.9)   (0.5)    after                                                               after 3.7                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to                                                               toyer                                                          Separation                                                               Fracturing          22            D  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (111) (200) (220)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100% Failure                                                               Failure               (0.4)    (6.7)            (5.0)            after                                                               after 10.1                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to   to                                                          Chipping                                                               Chipping          23            D  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (220) (200) (111)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:40%  Failure                                                               Failure               (1.1)    (3.8)            (8.2)            after                                                               after 5.8                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to   to                                                          Chipping                                                               Chipping          24            D  TiCN                   Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (111) (200) (220)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100% Failure                                                               Failure               (0.5)    (7.6)            (2.5)            after                                                               after 7.6                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to   to                                                          Chipping                                                               Chipping     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 7 (b)     __________________________________________________________________________               Hard Coating Layer                         Flank wear            Sub-                         Outer Layer      (mm)            strate               Innermost Layer                        Inner Layer          Crystal                                                 Outermost Layer                                                          Con- Inter-            Sym-               Compo-                   Crystal                        Compo-                            Crystal      Compo-                                             Struc-                                                 Compo-                                                     Crystal                                                          tinuous                                                               rupted     Type   bol               sition                   Structure                        sition                            Structure                                 Orientation                                         sition                                             ture                                                 sition                                                     Structure                                                          Cutting                                                               Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          25            E  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (220) (200) (111)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100% Failure after 26.7                                                          min.     Cemented  (0.3)    (3.9)            (0.6)            due to Chipping     Carbide                                              (Milling)     Cutting          26             E'               TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (111) (200) (220)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure after 23.3                                                          min.     Tools of  (0.3)    (3.4)            (0.4)   (0.3)    due to Layer     Prior Art                                            Separation                                                          (Milling)          27            F  TiN Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (220) (200) (111)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure                                                               Failure               (0.6)    (4.4)            (0.4)   (0.4)    after                                                               after 0.1                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to   to                                                          Chipping                                                               Fracturing          28            G  TiN--                   Granular                        TiCN                            Granular                                 (111) (200) (220)                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure                                                               Failure               TiCN     (3.2)            (0.8)   (0.3)    after                                                               after 0.2               (1.0)                                      min.                                                               min. due                                                          to   to                                                          Chipping                                                               Fracturing     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 8     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                                           First                 Innermost Layer                          Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer            Substrate                 Compo-                     Crystal                          Compo-                              Crystal      Compo-                                               Crystal     Type   Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          sition                              Structure                                   Orientation                                           sition                                               Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          29            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular     Cemented    (0.9)    (6.5)                              Growth       (3.0)     Carbide          30            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiC Granular     Cutting     (0.5)    (3.0)                              Growth       (2.4)     Tools of          31            A             TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular     the                  (9.3)                              Growth       (2.3)     Invention          32            8    TiC--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                 TiN      (4.5)                              Growth       (3.9)                 (1.1)          33            B    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular                 (1.6)    (4.9)                              Growth       (1.0)          34            C    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiC Granular                 (0.1)    (6.8)                              Growth       (3.2)          35            C    TiC Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiN Granular                 (0.7)    (3.3)                              Growth       (1.9)          36            D    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular                 (0.6)    (3.6)                              Growth       (2.8)          37            D             TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiCN                                               Granular                          (2.6)                              Growth       (1.0)          38            D    TiCN                     Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular                 (0.4)    (5.6)                              Growth       (2.3)          39            E    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiC Granular                 (0.3)    (2.5)                              Growth       (1.5)          40             E'           TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular                          (2.7)                              Growth       (1.6)          41            F             TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiCN                                               Granular                          (3.5)                              Growth       (1.3)          42            G    TiN--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular                 TiCN     (1.7)                              Growth       (1.0)                 (1.0)     __________________________________________________________________________                      Hard Coating Layer                                        Flank Wear                      Outer Layer                               Outermost Layer                                        (mm)                      Compo-                          Crystal                               Compo-                                   Crystal                                        Continuous                                              Interrupted               Type   sition                          Structure                               sition                                   Structure                                        Cutting                                              Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________               Coated                    29                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:94%                               TiN Granular                                        0.15  0.19               Cemented                      (2.5)    (0.2)               Carbide                    30                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:85%   0.18  0.18               Cutting                      (6.0)               Tools of                    31                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                           κ:100%                               TiCN--                                   Granular                                        0.18  0.29               the    (2.1)    TiN               Invention       (0.8)                    32                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                           κ:100%                               TiN Granular                                        0.15  0.28                      (1.7)    (0.2)                    33                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:73%   0.19  0.20                      (4.0)                    34                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:55%                               TiN Granular                                        0.19  0.24                      (1.2)    (0.3)                    35                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:62%                               TiN Granular                                        0.25  0.25                      (0.9)    (0.3)                    36                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:73%   0.15  0.20                      (5.2)                    37                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:62%   0.16  0.27                      (8.0)                    38                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                           κ:100% 0.16  0.24                      (2.7)                    39                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                           κ:100% 0.15  (Milling)                      (0.5)                    40                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:94%                               TiN Granular                                        0.14  (Milling)                      (0.3)    (0.2)                    41                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                           κ:100%                               TiN Granular                                        0.16  0.26                      (0.4)    (0.2)                    42                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:94%                               TiN Granular                                        0.14  0.24                      (0.6)    (0.3)     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 9 (a)     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                                           First                 Innermost Layer                          Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer            Substrate                 Compo-                     Crystal                          Compo-                              Crystal      Compo-                                               Crystal     Type   Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          sition                              Structure                                   Orientation                                           sition                                               Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          29            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular     Cemented    (1.0)    (9.3)            (2.5)     Carbide          30            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiC Granular     Cutting     (0.5)    (3.1)            (2.1)     Tools of          31            A             TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular     Prior Art            (9.5)            (2.1)          32            B    TiC--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (200) (220) (111)                                           TiC Granular                 TiN      (4.7)            (4.0)                 (1.2)          33            B    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular            (1.7)    (4.8)         (1.2)          34            C    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiC Granular                 (0.1)    (5.8)            (2.5)          35            C    TiC Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (200) (220) (111)                                           TiN Granular                 (0.6)    (3.2)            (1.8)          36            D    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                 (0.4)    (3.5)            (2.9)          37            D             TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiCN                                               Granular                          (2.7)            (1.1)          38            D    TiCN                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                 (0.5)    (5.7)            (2.5)     __________________________________________________________________________                      Hard Coating Layer                                        Flank Wear                      Outer Layer                               Outermost Layer                                        (mm)                      Compo-                          Crystal                               Compo-                                   Crystal                                        Continuous                                              Interrupted               Type   sition                          Structure                               sition                                   Structure                                        Cutting                                              Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________               Coated                    29                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        0.43  0.54               Cemented                      (2.5)    (0.2)    (Chipping)                                              (Chipping)               Carbide                    30                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  0.50  0.53               Cutting                      (5.6)             (Chipping)                                              (Chipping)               Tools of                    31                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:40%                               TiCN--                                   Granular                                        0.50  0.48               Prior Art                      (2.1)    TiN      (Chipping)                                              (Chipping)                               (0.6)                    32                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (1.8)    (0.2)    after 13.9                                              after 8.8                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Layer Layer                                        Separation                                              Separation                    33                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  Failure                                              Failure                      (3.9)             after 11.1                                              after 6.2                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Layer Layer                                        Separation                                              Separation                    34                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (1.1)    (0.3)    after 6.8                                              after 1.4                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Layer Fracturing                                        Separation                    35                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:40%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (1.0)    (0.4)    after 11.6                                              after 4.1                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Layer Fracturing                                        Separation                    36                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  Failure                                              Failure                      (4.8)             after 18.5                                              after 9.2                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Chipping                    37                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:40%   Failure                                              Failure                      (8.1)             after 16.8                                              after 6.4                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Chipping                    38                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  Failure                                              Failure                      (2.7)             after 14.7                                              after 8.2                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Chipping     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 9 (b)     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                                           First                 Innermost Layer                          Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer            Substrate                 Compo-                     Crystal                          Compo-                              Crystal      Compo-                                               Crystal     Type   Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          sition                              Structure                                   Orientation                                           sition                                               Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          39            E    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiC Granular     Cemented    (0.3)    (2.5)            (1.4)     Carbide          40             E'           TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular     Cutting              (2.6)            (1.5)     Tools of          41            F             TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiCN                                               Granular     Prior Art            (3.4)            (1.4)          42            G    TiN--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                 TiCN     (1.9)            (1.1)                 (0.9)     __________________________________________________________________________                      Hard Coating Layer                                        Flank Wear                      Outer Layer                               Outermost Layer                                        (mm)                      Compo-                          Crystal                               Compo-                                   Crystal                                        Continuous                                              Interrupted               Type   sition                          Structure                               sition                                   Structure                                        Cutting                                              Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________               Cemented                    39                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  Failure after 19.7 min.               Carbide                      (0.5)             due to Chipping               Cutting                  (Milling)               Tools of                    40                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure after 19.3 min.               Prior Art                      (0.4)    (0.3)    due to Layer Separation                                        (Milling)                    41                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (0.3)    (0.3)    after 1.4                                              after 0.1                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Fracturing                    42                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (0.7)    (0.2)    after 3.2                                              after 0.3                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Fracturing     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 10     __________________________________________________________________________               Hard Coating Layer                          Flank            Sub-                Second                     (mm)            strate               Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer                                         Outer Layer                                                  Outermost Layer                                                           Con-                                                               Inter-            Sym-               Compo-                   Crystal      Compo-                                    Crystal                                         Compo-                                             Crystal                                                  Compo-                                                      Crystal                                                           tinuous                                                               rupted     Type   bol               sition                   Structure                        Orientation                                sition                                    Structure                                         sition                                             Structure                                                  sition                                                      Structure                                                           Cutting                                                               Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          43            A  TiCN                   Elongated                        (111) (220) (200)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:94%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.15                                                               0.17     Cemented  (8.4)                   Growth       (0.1)    (2.0)    (0.5)     Carbide          44            A  TiCN                   Elongated                        (220) (111) (200)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:85%   0.16                                                               0.17     Cutting   (5.7)                   Growth       (0.1)    (6.0)     Tools of          45            A  TiCN                   Elongated                        (111) (220) (200)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:100%                                                  TiCN--                                                      Granular                                                           0.15                                                               0.19     the       (11.4)                   Growth       (0.1)    (1.9)    TiN     Invention                                    (0.6)          46            B  TiCN                   Elongated                        (111) (200) (220)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:100%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.14                                                               0.20               (8.2)                   Growth       (0.1)    (2.1)    (0.3)          47            B  TiCN                   Elongated                        (111) (220) (200)                                TiCO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:73%   0.17                                                               0.19               (5.0)                   Growth       (0.2)    (5.3)          48            C  TiCN                   Elongated                        (220) (111) (200)                                TiCO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:55%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.18                                                               0.21               (10.2)                   Growth       (0.1)    (1.2)    (0.3)          49            C  TiCN                   Elongated                        (220) (200) (111)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:62%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.22                                                               0.23               (5.4)                   Growth       (0.1)    (0.9)    (0.4)          50            D  TiCN                   Elongated                        (111) (220) (200)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:94%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.13                                                               0.18               (6.5)                   Growth       (0.1)    (5.4)    (0.2)          51            D  TiCN                   Elongated                        (220) (111) (200)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:62%   0.12                                                               0.21               (3.8)                   Growth       (0.1)    (8.2)          52            D  TiCN                   Elongated                        (111) (220) (200)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:100% 0.14                                                               0.19               (7.7)                   Growth       (0.1)    (2.4)          53            E  TiCN                   Elongated                        (220) (111) (200)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:100% 0.14                                                               (Milling)               (4.1)                   Growth       (0.1)    (0.6)          54             E'               TiCN                   Elongated                        (111) (220) (200)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:94%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.16                                                               (Milling)               (4.0)                   Growth       (0.1)    (0.5)    (0.3)          55            F  TiCN                   Elongated                        (220) (111) (200)                                TiCO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:100%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.12                                                               0.18               (4.4)                   Growth       (0.1)    (0.3)    (0.3)          56            G  TiCN                   Elongated                        (111) (220) (200)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:94%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.13                                                               0.17               (3.0)                   Growth       (0.2)    (0.7)    (0.2)     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 11 (a)     __________________________________________________________________________               Hard Coating Layer                          Flank            Sub-                Second   Outer Layer       (mm)            strate               Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer                                             Crystal                                                  Outermost Layer                                                           Con-                                                               Inter-            Sym-               Compo-                   Crystal      Compo-                                    Crystal                                         Compo-                                             Struc-                                                  Compo-                                                      Crystal                                                           tinuous                                                               rupted     Type   bol               sition                   Structure                        Orientation                                sition                                    Structure                                         sition                                             ture sition                                                      Structure                                                           Cutting                                                               Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          43            A  TiCN                   Granular                        (111) (200) (220)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          0.42 0.54     Cemented  (8.2)            (0.1)    (2.1)   (0.4)    (Chipping)                                                               (Chipping)     Carbide          44            A  TiCN                   Granular                        (220) (200) (111)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100% 0.47 0.51     Cutting   (5.5)            (0.1)    (6.1)            (Chipping)                                                               (Chipping)     Tools of          45            A  TiCN                   Granular                        (111) (200) (220)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:40%                                                 TiCN--                                                     Granular                                                          0.43 0.55     Prior Art (11.5)           (0.1)    (1.8)   TiN      (Chipping)                                                               (Chipping)                                                 (0.7)          46            B  TiCN                   Granular                        (200) (220) (111)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure                                                               Failure               (8.3)            (0.1)    (2.0)   (0.3)    after                                                               after 11.1                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to                                                               to Layer                                                          Separation                                                               Separation          47            B  TiCN                   Granular                        (111) (200) (220)                                TiCO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100% Failure                                                               Failure               (4.8)            (0.2)    (5.2)            after                                                               after 7.8                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to                                                               to Layer                                                          Separation                                                               Separation          48            C  TiCN                   Granular                        (220) (200) (111)                                TiCO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure                                                               Failure               (10.3)           (0.1)    (1.3)   (0.2)    after                                                               after 1.2                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to                                                               toyer                                                          Separation                                                               Fracturing          49            C  TiCN                   Granular                        (200) (220) (111)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:40%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure                                                               Failure               (5.2)            (0.1)    (0.9)   (0.5)    after                                                               after 5.3                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to                                                               toyer                                                          Separation                                                               Fracturing          50            D  TiCN                   Granular                        (111) (200) (220)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure                                                               Failure               (6.6)            (0.1)    (5.5)   (0.3)    after                                                               after 11.4                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to   to                                                          Chipping                                                               Chipping          51            D  TiCN                   Granular                        (220) (200) (111)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             κ:40%  Failure                                                               Failure               (3.7)            (0.1)    (8.1)            after                                                               after 8.5                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to   to                                                          Chipping                                                               Chipping          52            D  TiCN                   Granular                        (111) (200) (220)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100% Failure                                                               Failure               (7.8)            (0.1)    (2.3)            after                                                               after 10.1                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to   to                                                          Chipping                                                               Chipping     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 11 (b)     __________________________________________________________________________               Hard Coating Layer                          Flank            Sub-                Second   Outer Layer       (mm)            strate               Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer                                             Crystal                                                  Outermost Layer                                                           Con-                                                               Inter-            Sym-               Compo-                   Crystal      Compo-                                    Crystal                                         Compo-                                             Struc-                                                  Compo-                                                      Crystal                                                           tinuous                                                               rupted     Type   bol               sition                   Structure                        Orientation                                sition                                    Structure                                         sition                                             ture sition                                                      Structure                                                           Cutting                                                               Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          53            E  TiCN                   Granular                        (220) (200) (111)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100% Failure after 26.9                                                          min     Cemented  (4.2)            (0.1)    (0.5)            due to Chipping     Carbide                                              (Milling)     Cutting          54             E'               TiCN                   Granular                        (111) (200) (220)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure after 24.2                                                          min     Tools of  (4.0)            (0.1)    (0.4)   (0.2)    due to Layer     Prior Art                                            Separation                                                          (Milling)     55     F  TiCN                   Granular                        (220) (200) (111)                                TiCO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure                                                               Failure               (4.5)            (0.1)    (0.3)   (0.4)    after                                                               after 0.2                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to   to                                                          Chipping                                                               Fracturing     56     G  TiCN                   Granular                        (111) (200) (220)                                TiCNO                                    Granular                                         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                             α:100%                                                 TiN Granular                                                          Failure                                                               Failure               (3.2)            (0.2)    (0.8)   (0.2)    after                                                               after 0.7                                                          min.                                                               min. due                                                          to   to                                                          Chipping                                                               Fracturing     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 12     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                                           Second                 Innermost Layer                          Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer            Substrate                 Compo-                     Crystal                          Compo-                              Crystal      Compo-                                               Crystal     Type   Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          sition                              Structure                                   Orientation                                           sition                                               Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          57            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Cemented    (1.0)    (8.5)                              Growth       (0.1)     Carbide          58            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Cutting     (0.5)    (5.6)                              Growth       (0.1)     Tools of          59            A    TiCN                     Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     the         (0.8)    (11.5)                              Growth       (0.1)     Invention          60            B    TiC--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 TiN      (8.2)                              Growth       (0.1)                 (1.4)          61            B    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiCO                                               Granular                 (1.6)    (4.9)                              Growth       (0.2)          62            C    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiCO                                               Granular                 (0.1)    (10.1)                              Growth       (0.1)          63            C    TiC Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (0.5)    (5.3)                              Growth       (0.1)          64            D    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (0.6)    (6.4)                              Growth       (0.1)          65            D    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (1.2)    (3.8)                              Growth       (0.1)          66            D    TiCN                     Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (0.4)    (7.8)                              Growth       (0.1)          67            E    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (0.3)    (4.2)                              Growth       (0.1)          68             E'  TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (0.3)    (4.1)                              Growth       (0.1)          69            F    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiCO                                               Granular                 (0.7)    (4.6)                              Growth       (0.1)          70            G    TiN--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 TiCN     (3.1)                              Growth       (0.2)                 (1.0)     __________________________________________________________________________                      Hard Coating Layer                                        Flank Wear                      Outer Layer                               Outermost Layer                                        (mm)                      Compo-                          Crystal                               Compo-                                   Crystal                                        Continuous                                              Interrupted               Type   sition                          Structure                               sition                                   Structure                                        Cutting                                              Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________               Coated                    57                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:94%                               TiN Granular                                        0.13  0.44               Cemented                      (2.2)    (0.5)               Carbide                    58                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:85%   0.15  0.13               Cutting                      (6.0)               Tools of                    59                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:100%                               TiCN--                                   Granular                                        0.14  0.15               the    (1.8)    TiN               Invention       (0.7)                    60                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:100%                               TiN Granular                                        0.13  0.16                      (2.0)    (0.3)                    61                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:73%   0.16  0.17                      (5.1)                    62                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:55%                               TiN Granular                                        0.17  0.19                      (1.1)    (0.3)                    63                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:62%                               TiN Granular                                        0.20  0.21                      (0.9)    (0.5)                    64                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:94%                               TiN Granular                                        0.12  0.15                      (5.6)    (0.2)                    65                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:62%   0.11  0.17                      (8.3)                    66                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:100%  0.13  0.15                      (2.5)                    67                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:100%  0.12  (Milling)                      (0.6)                    68                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:94%                               TiN Granular                                        0.14  (Milling)                      (0.4)    (0.3)                    69                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:100%                               TiN Granular                                        0.11  0.16                      (0.3)    (0.5)                    70                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:94%                               TiN Granular                                        0.11  0.15                      (0.8)    (0.2)     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 13 (a)     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                                           Second                 Innermost Layer                          Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer            Substrate                 Compo-                     Crystal                          Compo-                              Crystal      Compo-                                               Crystal     Type   Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          sition                              Structure                                   Orientation                                           sition                                               Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          57            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Cemented    (1.0)    (8.4)            (0.1)     Carbide          58            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Cutting     (0.6)    (5.3)            (0.1)     Tools of          59            A    TiCN                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Prior Art   (0.7)    (11.3)           (0.1)          60            B    TiC--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (200) (220) (111)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 TiN      (8.1)            (0.1)                 (1.5)          61            B    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiCO                                               Granular                 (1.6)    (4.8)            (0.2)          62            C    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiCO                                               Granular                 (0.1)    (10.2)           (0.1)          63            C    TiC Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (200) (220) (111)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (0.4)    (5.4)            (0.1)          64            D    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (0.5)    (6.6)            (0.1)          65            D    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (1.3)    (3.9)            (0.1)          66            D    TiCN                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (0.5)    (7.7)            (0.1)     __________________________________________________________________________                      Hard Coating Layer                                        Flank Wear                      Outer Layer                               Outermost Layer                                        (mm)                      Compo-                          Crystal                               Compo-                                   Crystal                                        Continuous                                              Interrupted               Type   sition                          Structure                               sition                                   Structure                                        Cutting                                              Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________               Coated                    57                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        0.38  0.51               Cemented                      (2.1)    (0.5)    (Chipping)                                              (Chipping)               Carbide                    58                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  0.41  0.49               Cutting                      (5.9)             (Chipping)                                              (Chipping)               Tools of                    59                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:40%                               TiCN--                                   Granular                                        0.40  0.54               Prior Art                      (1.7)    TiN      (Chipping)                                              (Chipping)                               (0.6)                    60                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (2.2)    (0.3)    after 18.8                                              after 12.3                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Layer Layer                                        Separation                                              Separation                    61                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  Failure                                              Failure                      (5.0)             after 15.1                                              after 8.6                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Layer Layer                                        Separation                                              Separation                    62                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (5.0)    (0.3)    after 9.0                                              after 1.7                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Layer Fracturing                                        Separation                    63                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:40%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (1.0)    (0.6)    after 14.6                                              after 5.9                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Layer Fracturing                                        Separation                    64                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  Failure                                              Failure                      (5.3)             after 21.4                                              after 12.3                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Chipping                    65                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:40%   Failure                                              Failure                      (8.2)             after 19.5                                              after 9.3                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Chipping                    66                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  Failure                                              Failure                      (2.3)             after 17.1                                              after 10.8                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Chipping     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 13 (b)     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                                           Second                 Innermost Layer                          Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer            Substrate                 Compo-                     Crystal                          Compo-                              Crystal      Compo-                                               Crystal     Type   Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          sition                              Structure                                   Orientation                                           sition                                               Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          67            E    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Cemented    (0.3)    (4.0)            (0.1)     Carbide          68             E'  TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Cutting     (0.3)    (3.9)            (0.1)     Tools of          69            F    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiCO                                               Granular     Prior Art   (0.7)    (4.5)            (0.1)          70            G    TiN--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 TiCN     (3.3)            (0.2)                 (1.0)     __________________________________________________________________________                      Hard Coating Layer                                        Flank Wear                      Outer Layer                               Outermost Layer                                        (mm)                      Compo-                          Crystal                               Compo-                                   Crystal                                        Continuous                                              Interrupted               Type   sition                          Structure                               sition                                   Structure                                        Cutting                                              Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________               Coated                    67                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  Failure after 28.0 min.               Cemented                      (0.6)             due to Chipping               Carbide                  (Milling)               Cutting                    68                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure after 24.8 min.               Tools of                      (0.4)    (0.3)    due to Layer Separation               Prior Art                (Milling)                    69                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (0.4)    (0.4)    after 2.5                                              after 0.2                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Fracturing                    70                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (0.9)    (0.2)    after 5.7                                              after 0.9                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Fracturing     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 14     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                                  First    Second                 Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer                                           Intermediate Layer            Substrate                 Compo-                     Crystal      Compo-                                      Crystal                                           Compo-                                               Crystal     Type   Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          Orientation                                  sition                                      Structure                                           sition                                               Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          71            A    TiCN                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Cemented    (6.3)                     Growth       (3.2)    (0.1)     Carbide          72            A    TiCN                     Elongated                          (220) (111) (200)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Cutting     (3.1)                     Growth       (2.0)    (0.1)     Tools of          73            A    TiCN                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     the         (9.4)                     Growth       (2.0)    (0.1)     Invention          74            B    TiCN                     Elongated                          (111) (200) (220)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (4.6)                     Growth       (3.8)    (0.1)          75            B    TiCN                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCO                                               Granular                 (4.8)                     Growth       (1.4)    (0.1)          76            C    TiCN                     Elongated                          (220) (111) (200)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCO                                               Granular                 (6.6)                     Growth       (3.1)    (0.2)          77            C    TiCN                     Elongated                          (220) (200) (111)                                  TiN Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (3.3)                     Growth       (1.9)    (0.1)          78            D    TiCN                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (3.5)                     Growth       (2.9)    (0.1)          79            D    TiCN                     Elongated                          (220) (111) (200)                                  TiCN                                      Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (2.4)                     Growth       (0.6)    (0.1)          80            D    TiCN                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (5.5)                     Growth       (2.6)    (0.1)          81            E    TiCN                     Elongated                          (220) (111) (200)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (2.6)                     Growth       (1.3)    (0.1)          82             E'  TiCN                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (2.3)                     Growth       (1.5)    (0.1)          83            F    TiCN                     Elongated                          (220) (111) (200)                                  TiCN                                      Granular                                           TiCO                                               Granular                 (3.4)                     Growth       (1.2)    (0.1)          84            G    TiCN                     Elongated                          (111) (220) (200)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (1.9)                     Growth       (1.0)    (0.2)     __________________________________________________________________________                      Hard Coating Layer                                        Flank wear                      Outer Layer                               Outermost Layer                                        (mm)                      Compo-                          Crystal                               Compo-                                   Crystal                                        Continuous                                              Interrupted               Type   sition                          Structure                               sition                                   Structure                                        Cutting                                              Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________               Coated                    71                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:94%                               TiN Granular                                        0.16  0.20               Cemented                      (2.3)    (0.2)               Carbide                    72                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:85%   0.19  0.19               Cutting                      (6.0)               Tools of                    73                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:100%                               TiCN--                                   Granular                                        0.16  0.21               the    (2.1)    TiN               Invention       (0.7)                    74                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:100%                               TiN Granular                                        0.15  0.23                      (2.0)    (0.3)                    75                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:73%   0.19  0.21                      (3.8)                    76                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:55%                               TiN Granular                                        0.20  0.24                      (1.0)    (0.3)                    77                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:62%                               TiN Granular                                        0.25  0.25                      (0.8)    (0.5)                    78                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:73%                               TiN Granular                                        0.15  0.19                      (5.2)    (0.5)                    79                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:62%   0.14  0.22                      (8.0)                    80                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:100%  0.15  0.21                      (2.7)                    81                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:100%  0.15  (Milling)                      (0.5)                    82                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:94%                               TiN Granular                                        0.17  (Milling)                      (0.4)    (0.2)                    83                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:100%                               TiN Granular                                        0.14  0.20                      (0.4)    (0.3)                    84                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:94%                               TiN Granular                                        0.13  0.19                      (0.8)    (0.3)     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 15 (a)     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                                  First    Second                 Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer                                           Intermediate Layer            Substrate                 Compo-                     Crystal      Compo-                                      Crystal                                           Compo-                                               Crystal     Type   Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          Orientation                                  sition                                      Structure                                           sition                                               Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          71            A    TiCN                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Cemented    (6.2)            (3.2)    (0.1)     Carbide          72            A    TiCN                     Granular                          (220) (200) (111)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Cutting     (3.0)            (2.0)    (0.1)     Tools of          73            A    TiCN                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Prior Art   (9.3)            (2.1)    (0.1)          74            B    TiCN                     Granular                          (200) (220) (111)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (4.7)            (3.7)    (0.1)          75            B    TiCN                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCO                                               Granular                 (4.8)            (1.2)    (0.1)          76            C    TiCN                     Granular                          (220) (200) (111)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCO                                               Granular                 (6.7)            (2.9)    (0.2)          77            C    TiCN                     Granular                          (200) (220) (111)                                  TiN Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (3.2)            (1.8)    (0.1)          78            D    TiCN                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (3.4)            (2.8)    (0.1)          79            D    TiCN                     Granular                          (220) (200) (111)                                  TiCN                                      Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (2.4)            (1.3)    (0.1)          80            D    TiCN                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (5.3)            (2.5)    (0.1)     __________________________________________________________________________                      Hard Coating Layer                                        Flank wear                      Outer Layer                               Outermost Layer                                        (mm)                      Compo-                          Crystal                               Compo-                                   Crystal                                        Continuous                                              Interrupted               Type   sition                          Structure                               sition                                   Structure                                        Cutting                                              Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________               Coated                    71                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        0.43  0.53               Cemented                      (2.5)    (0.3)    (Chipping)                                              (Chipping)               Carbide                    72                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  0.49  0.52               Cutting                      (5.9)             (Chipping)                                              (Chipping)               Tools of                    73                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:40%                               TiCN--                                   Granular                                        0.37  0.40               Prior Art                      (2.2)    TiN      (Chipping)                                              (Chipping)                               (0.6)                    74                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (1.9)    (0.2)    after 14.7                                              after 9.5                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Layer Layer                                        Separation                                              Separation                    75                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  Failure                                              Failure                      (3.7)             after 12.1                                              after 6.3                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Layer Layer                                        Separation                                              Separation                    76                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (1.2)    (0.4)    after 6.8                                              after 1.2                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Layer Fracturing                                        Separation                    77                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:40%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (0.8)    (0.4)    after 11.9                                              after 4.4                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Layer Fracturing                                        Separation                    78                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (5.1)    (0.3)    after 18.6                                              after 9.5                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Chipping                    79                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          κ:40%   Failure                                              Failure                      (8.1)             after 17.0                                              after 6.8                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Chipping                    80                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  Failure                                              Failure                      (2.6)             after 15.9                                              after 8.4                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Chipping     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 15 (b)     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                                  First    Second                 Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer                                           Intermediate Layer            Substrate                 Compo-                     Crystal      Compo-                                      Crystal                                           Compo-                                               Crystal     Type   Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          Orientation                                  sition                                      Structure                                           sition                                               Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          81            E    TiCN                     Granular                          (220) (200) (111)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Cemented    (2.4)            (1.5)    (0.1)     Carbide          82             E'  TiCN                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular     Cutting     (2.5)            (1.4)    (0.1)     Tools of          83            F    TiCN                     Granular                          (220) (200) (111)                                  TiCN                                      Granular                                           TiCO                                               Granular     Prior Art   (3.3)            (1.3)    (0.1)          84            G    TiCN                     Granular                          (111) (200) (220)                                  TiC Granular                                           TiCNO                                               Granular                 (1.8)            (1.0)    (0.2)     __________________________________________________________________________                      Hard Coating Layer                                        Flank wear                      Outer Layer                               Outermost Layer                                        (mm)                      Compo-                          Crystal                               Compo-                                   Crystal                                        Continuous                                              Interrupted               Type   sition                          Structure                               sition                                   Structure                                        Cutting                                              Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________               Coated                    81                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%  Failure after 23.2 min               Cemented                      (0.4)             due to Chipping               Carbide                  (Milling)               Cutting                    82                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure after 20.1 min.               Tools of                      (0.4)    (0.2)    due to Layer Separation               Prior Art                (Milling)                    83                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (0.3)    (0.2)    after 1.6                                              after 0.1                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Fracturing                    84                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                          α:100%                               TiN Granular                                        Failure                                              Failure                      (0.7)    (0.3)    after 3.5                                              after 0.3                                        min. due to                                              min. due to                                        Chipping                                              Fracturing     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 16     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                 Innermost                 First    Second                 Layer    Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer                                                    Intermediate Layer            Substrate                 Compo-                     Crystal                          Compo-                              Crystal      Compo-                                               Crystal                                                    Compo-                                                        Crystal     Type   Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          sition                              Structure                                   Orientation                                           sition                                               Structure                                                    sition                                                        Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          85            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular     Cemented    (0.8)    (6.4)                              Growth       (3.0)    (0.1)     Carbide          86            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular     Cutting     (0.4)    (3.0)                              Growth       (2.3)    (0.1)     Tools of          87            A    TiCN                     Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular     the         (0.7)    (9.2)                              Growth       (2.1)    (0.1)     Invention          88            B    TiC--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 TiN      (4.7)                              Growth       (3.8)    (0.1)                 (1.2)          89            B    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCO                                                        Granular                 (1.5)    (4.8)                              Growth       (1.2)    (0.1)          90            C    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCO                                                        Granular                 (0.1)    (6.7)                              Growth       (3.0)    (0.2)          91            C    TiC Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiN Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.7)    (3.2)                              Growth       (1.7)    (0.1)          92            D    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.6)    (3.6)                              Growth       (2.8)    (0.1)          93            D    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiCN                                               Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (1.0)    (2.3)                              Growth       (1.2)    (0.1)          94            D    TiCN                     Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.4)    (5.4)                              Growth       (2.5)    (0.1)          95            E    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.3)    (2.6)                              Growth       (1.4)    (0.1)          96             E'  TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.3)    (2.5)                              Growth       (1.5)    (0.1)          97            F    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (220) (111) (200)                                           TiCN                                               Granular                                                    TiCO                                                        Granular                 (0.5)    (3.2)                              Growth       (1.4)    (0.1)          98            G    TiN--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Elongated                                   (111) (220) (200)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 TiCN     (1.9)                              Growth       (1.0)    (0.2)                 (1.1)     __________________________________________________________________________                               Hard Coating Layer                                        Outermost                                                 Flank Wear                               Outer Layer                                        Layer    (mm)                               Compo-                                   Crystal                                        Compo-                                            Crystal                                                 Continuous                                                       Interrupted                        Type   sition                                   Structure                                        sition                                            Structure                                                 Cutting                                                       Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________                        Coated                             85                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   κ:94%                                        TiN Granular                                                 0.15  0.19                        Cemented                               (2.5)    (0.2)                        Carbide                             86                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   κ:85%   0.17  0.18                        Cutting                               (5.9)                        Tools of                             87                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                    κ:100%                                        TiCN--                                            Granular                                                 0.15  0.20                        the    (2.0)    TiN                        Invention       (0.6)                             88                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                    κ:100%                                        TiN Granular                                                 0.14  0.22                               (1.9)    (0.2)                             89                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   κ:73%   0.18  0.19                               (3.9)                             90                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   κ:55%                                        TiN Granular                                                 0.18  0.23                               (1.1)    (0.3)                             91                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   κ:62%                                        TiN Granular                                                 0.23  0.24                               (0.8)    (0.5)                             92                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   κ:73%   0.13  0.19                               (5.1)                             93                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   κ:62%   0.13  0.21                               (8.1)                             94                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                    κ:100% 0.14  0.20                               (2.8)                             95                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                    κ:100% 0.14  (Milling)                               (0.5)                             96                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   κ:94%                                        TiN Granular                                                 0.16  (Milling)                               (0.3)    (0.2)                             97                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                    κ:100%                                        TiN Granular                                                 0.13  0.19                               (0.3)    (0.3)                             98                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   κ:94%                                        TiN Granular                                                 0.13  0.18                               (0.7)    (0.2)     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 17     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                 Innermost                 First    Second                 Layer    Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer                                                    Intermediate Layer            Substrate                 Compo-                     Crystal                          Compo-                              Crystal      Compo-                                               Crystal                                                    Compo-                                                        Crystal     Type   Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          sition                              Structure                                   Orientation                                           sition                                               Structure                                                    sition                                                        Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          85            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular     Cemented    (0.9)    (6.0)            (3.3)    (0.1)     Carbide          86            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular     Cutting     (0.4)    (3.2)            (2.0)    (0.1)     Tools of          87            A    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular     Prior Art   (0.5)    (9.3)            (2.2)    (0.1)          88            B    TiC--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (200) (220) (111)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 TiN      (4.6)            (3.9)    (0.1)                 (1.3)          89            B    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCO                                                        Granular                 (1.6)    (4.7)            (1.3)    (0.1)          90            C    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCO                                                        Granular                 (0.1)    (6.5)            (3.0)    (0.2)          91            C    TiC Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (200) (220) (111)                                           TiN Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.8)    (3.1)            (1.8)    (0.1)          92            D    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.5)    (3.4)            (2.9)    (0.1)          93            D    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiCN                                               Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.9)    (2.5)            (1.3)    (0.1)          94            D    TiCN                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.5)    (5.5)            (2.4)    (0.1)          95            E    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.3)    (2.5)            (1.4)    (0.1)          96             E'  TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.3)    (2.4)            (1.5)    (0.1)          97            F    TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiCN                                               Granular                                                    TiCO                                                        Granular                 (0.4)    (3.3)            (1.3)    (0.1)          98            G    TiN--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 TiCN     (1.8)            (1.1)    (0.2)                 (1.0)     __________________________________________________________________________                               Hard Coating Layer                                        Outermost                                                 Flank Wear                               Outer Layer                                        Layer    (mm)                               Compo-                                   Crystal                                        Compo-                                            Crystal                                                 Continuous                                                       Interrupted                        Type   sition                                   Structure                                        sition                                            Structure                                                 Cutting                                                       Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________                        Coated                             85                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   α:100%                                        TiN Granular                                                 0.41  0.52                        Cemented                               (2.4)    (0.2)    (Chipping)                                                       (Chipping)                        Carbide                             86                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   α:100%  0.48  0.50                        Cutting                               (5.8)             (Chipping)                                                       (Chipping)                        Tools of                             87                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   κ:40%                                        TiCN--                                            Granular                                                 0.35  0.39                        Prior Art                               (2.2)    TiN      (Chipping)                                                       (Chipping)                                        (0.7)                             88                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   α:100%                                        TiN Granular                                                 Failure                                                       Failure                               (1.8)    (0.2)    after 15.1                                                       after 9.8                                                 min. due to                                                       min. due to                                                 Layer Layer                                                 Separation                                                       Separation                             89                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   α:100%  Failure                                                       Failure                               (3.8)             after 12.6                                                       after 6.8                                                 min. due to                                                       min. due to                                                 Layer Layer                                                 Separation                                                       Separation                             90                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   α:100%                                        TiN Granular                                                 Failure                                                       Failure                               (1.1)    (0.3)    after 7.1                                                       after 1.5                                                 min. due to                                                       min. due to                                                 Layer Fracturing                                                 Separation                             91                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   κ:40%                                        TiN Granular                                                 Failure                                                       Failure                               (0.9)    (0.4)    after 12.5                                                       after 4.7                                                 min. due to                                                       min. due to                                                 Layer Fracturing                                                 Separation                             92                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   α:100%  Failure                                                       Failure                               (5.0)             after 19.2                                                       after 9.8                                                 min. due to                                                       min. due to                                                 Chipping                                                       Chipping                             93                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   κ:40%   Failure                                                       Failure                               (8.2)             after 17.6                                                       after 7.2                                                 min. due to                                                       min. due to                                                 Chipping                                                       Chipping                             94                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   α:100%  Failure                                                       Failure                               (2.6)             after 16.3                                                       after 8.7                                                 min. due to                                                       min. due to                                                 Chipping                                                       Chipping                             95                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   α:100%  Failure after 23.7 min.                               (0.5)             due to Chipping (Milling)                             96                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   α:100%                                        TiN Granular                                                 Failure after 20.7 min.                               (0.3)    (0.2)    due to Layer Separation                                                 (Milling)                             97                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   α:100%                                        TiN Granular                                                 Failure                                                       Failure                               (0.4)    (0.3)    after 1.8                                                       after 0.1                                                 min. due to                                                       min. due to                                                 Chipping                                                       Fracturing                             98                               Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                   α:100%                                        TiN Granular                                                 Failure                                                       Failure                               (0.8)    (0.3)    after 3.9                                                       after 0.4                                                 min. due to                                                       min. due to                                                 Chipping                                                       Fracturing     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 18 (a)     __________________________________________________________________________                  Hard Coating Layer                           Inner Layer                  Innermost                           First    First Dividing                                             Second Divided                  Layer    Divided Layer                                    Layer    Layer             Substrate                  Compo-                      Crystal                           Compo-                               Crystal                                    Compo-                                        Crystal                                             Compo-                                                 Crystal     Type    Symbol                  sition                      Structure                           sition                               Structure                                    sition                                        Structure                                             sition                                                 Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated           99             A    TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated     Cemented     (1.0)    (2.4)                               Growth                                    (0.3)    (2.4)                                                 Growth     Carbide          100             A             TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated     Cutting               (3.0)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (3.0)                                                 Growth     Tools of          101             A    TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated     the          (0.5)    (3.2)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (3.1)                                                 Growth     Invention          102             A    TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.5)    (3.1)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (3.0)                                                 Growth          103             B             TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                           (2.7)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (2.7)                                                 Growth          104             B    TiC--                      Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  TiN      (2.2)                               Growth                                    (0.3)    (2.3)                                                 Growth                  (1.4)          105             B    TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (1.6)    (3.4)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (2.6)                                                 Growth          106             C             TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                           (4.7)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (4.8)                                                 Growth          107             C    TiC Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.5)    (1.1)                               Growth                                    (0.1)    (0.8)                                                 Growth          108             C    TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.5)    (2.5)                               Growth                                    (0.3)    (2.3)                                                 Growth          109             D    TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.6)    (3.2)                               Growth                                    (0.3)    (3.2)                                                 Growth          110             D    TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.8)    (1.2)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (1.0)                                                 Growth          111             D    TiCN                      Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.6)    (2.0)                               Growth                                    (0.3)    (1.8)                                                 Growth          112             D             TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                           (3.4)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (3.5)                                                 Growth     __________________________________________________________________________                  Hard Coating Layer                  Inner Layer                  Second Dividing                           Third    Third Dividing                                             Forth                  Layer    Divided Layer                                    Layer    Divided Layer                  Compo-                      Crystal                           Compo-                               Crystal                                    Compo-                                        Crystal                                             Compo-                                                 Crystal     Type         sition                      Structure                           sition                               Structure                                    sition                                        Structure                                             sition                                                 Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated     99                  TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated     Cemented     (0.2)    (2.4)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (2.3)                                                 Growth     Carbide   100     Cutting   101     Tools of  102     the       103                  TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated     Invention    (0.2)    (2.6)                               Growth               104               105                  TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                  (0.2)    (2.8)                               Growth               106               107                  TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                  (0.2)    (1.0)                               Growth               108                  TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                  (0.2)    (2.4)                               Growth               109               110               111                  TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.2)    (1.9)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (1.7)                                                 Growth               112     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 18 (b)     __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer                          Flank Wear             Sub-       First    Second            Outermost                                                            (mm)             strate     Intermediate Layer                                 Intermediate Layer                                          Outer Layer                                                   Layer    High-                                                                Deep-             Sym-                Inner Layer                        Compo-                            Crystal                                 Compo-                                     Crystal                                          Compo-                                              Crystal                                                   Compo-                                                       Crystal                                                            feed                                                                cut     Type    bol                Orientation                        sition                            Structure                                 sition                                     Structure                                          sition                                              Structure                                                   sition                                                       Structure                                                            Cutting                                                                Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated           99             A  (111) (220) (200)                                 TiCNO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:94%                                                   TiN Granular                                                            0.15                                                                0.15     Cemented                    (0.1)    (2.5)    (0.2)     Carbide          100             A  (220) (111) (200)                        TiC Granular                                 TiCNO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                               κ:100%                                                   TiN Granular                                                            0.16                                                                0.20     Cutting            (3.0)    (0.1)    (2.7)    (0.2)     Tools of          101             A  (111) (220) (200)                        TiC Granular      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                               κ:100%                                                   TiCN--                                                       Granular                                                            0.17                                                                0.18     the                (1.9)             (2.0)    TiN     Invention                                     (0.6)          102             A  (111) (200) (220)                        TiC Granular      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:73%                                                   TiN Granular                                                            0.21                                                                0.19                        (3.0)             (2.7)    (0.2)          103             B  (111) (220) (200)                                 TiCO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                               κ:100% 0.16                                                                0.22                                 (0.1)    (3.4)          104             B  (111) (200) (220)                        TiC Granular                                 TiCNO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:73%                                                   TiN Granular                                                            0.15                                                                0.17                        (3.8)    (0.1)    (1.9)    (0.2)          105             B  (111) (220) (200)                                 TiCO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:55%   0.20                                                                0.16                                 (0.1)    (3.3)          106             C  (220) (111) (200)                                 TiCO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:85%                                                   TiN Granular                                                            0.20                                                                0.21                                 (0.1)    (1.5)    (0.2)          107             C  (220) (200) (111)                        TiN Granular                                 TiCNO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:62%   0.24                                                                0.20                        (1.8)    (0.1)    (0.8)          108             C  (111) (220) (200)         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:94%                                                   TiN Granular                                                            0.19                                                                0.23                                          (2.6)    (0.5)          109             D  (111) (220) (200)                                 TiCNO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:73%   0.15                                                                0.17                                 (0.1)    (5.2)          110             D  (220) (111) (200)                        TiCN                            Granular      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:62%   0.15                                                                0.22                        (1.4)             (8.1)          111             D  (111) (220) (200)         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                               κ:100% 0.16                                                                0.19                                          (2.8)          112             D  (111) (220) (200)                        TiC Granular      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:73%                                                   TiN Granular                                                            0.16                                                                0.17                        (1.2)             (4.3)    (0.2)     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 19 (a)     __________________________________________________________________________                  Hard Coating Layer                           Inner Layer                  Innermost                           First    First Dividing                                             Second Divided                  Layer    Divided Layer                                    Layer    Layer             Substrate                  Compo-                      Crystal                           Compo-                               Crystal                                    Compo-                                        Crystal                                             Compo-                                                 Crystal     Type    Symbol                  sition                      Structure                           sition                               Structure                                    sition                                        Structure                                             sition                                                 Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          113             F    TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated     Cemented     (0.4)    (1.6)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (1.5)                                                 Growth     Carbide          114             F    TiN--                      Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated     Cutting      TiCN     (0.9)                               Growth                                    (0.1)    (1.0)                                                 Growth     Tools of     (1.0)     the  115             F             TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated     Invention             (1.9)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (2.0)                                                 Growth          116             F             TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                           (2.2)                               Growth                                    (0.3)    (2.3)                                                 Growth          117             G    TiC--                      Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  TiN      (1.1)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (1.1)                                                 Growth                  (0.9)          118             G             TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                           (3.4)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (3.3)                                                 Growth          119             G    TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.5)    (1.1)                               Growth                                    (0.1)    (0.8)                                                 Growth          120             G             TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                           (1.7)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (1.6)                                                 Growth          121             G             TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                           (2.2)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (2.0)                                                 Growth          122             E    TiCN                      Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.6)    (0.7)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (0.6)                                                 Growth          123             E    TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.3)    (1.3)                               Growth                                    (0.1)    (1.3)                                                 Growth          124             E    TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.3)    (1.8)                               Growth                                    (0.1)    (1.7)                                                 Growth          125              E'           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                           (1.4)                               Growth                                    (0.3)    (1.3)                                                 Growth          126              E'  TiC Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.7)    (1.5)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (1.6)                                                 Growth     __________________________________________________________________________                  Hard Coating Layer                  Inner Layer                  Second Dividing                           Third    Third Dividing                                             Forth                  Layer    Divided Layer                                    Layer    Divided Layer                  Compo-                      Crystal                           Compo-                               Crystal                                    Compo-                                        Crystal                                             Compo-                                                 Crystal     Type         sition                      Structure                           sition                               Structure                                    sition                                        Structure                                             sition                                                 Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated    113                           TiCN                                                 Elongated     Cemented                                (2.3)                                                 Growth     Carbide   114     Cutting   115                  TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated     Tools of     (0.3)    (1.9)                               Growth     the       116     Invention 117                  TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                  (0.1)    (1.0)                               Growth               118               119                  TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                  (0.2)    (1.0)                               Growth               120               121               122                  TiN Granular                           TiCN                               Elongated                                    TiN Granular                                             TiCN                                                 Elongated                  (0.2)    (0.6)                               Growth                                    (0.2)    (0.7)                                                 Growth               123               124               125               126     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 19 (b)     __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer                         Flank Wear             Sub-       First    Second   Outer Layer                                                  Outer most                                                           (mm)             strate     Intermediate Layer                                 Intermediate Layer                                              Crystal                                                  Layer    Con-                                                               Inter-             Sym-                Inner Layer                        Compo-                            Crystal                                 Compo-                                     Crystal                                          Compo-                                              Struc-                                                  Compo-                                                      Crystal                                                           tinuous                                                               rupted     Type    bol                Orientation                        sition                            Structure                                 sition                                     Structure                                          sition                                              ture                                                  sition                                                      Structure                                                           Cutting                                                               Cutting     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          113             F  (220) (111) (200)                        TiCN                            Granular                                 TiCO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:100%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.14                                                               0.18     Cemented           (1.4)    (0.1)    (0.2)   (0.2)     Carbide          114             F  (111) (220) (200)                                 TiCNO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:94%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.12                                                               0.19     Cutting                     (0.2)    (0.7)   (0.2)     Tools of          115             F  (111) (220) (200)                        TiCN                            Granular      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:100% 0.13                                                               0.25     the                (1.1)             (1.5)     Invention          116             F  (111) (200) (220)         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:94%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.14                                                               0.21                                          (1.2)   (0.3)          117             G  (111) (220) (200)                                 TiCO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:55%  0.12                                                               0.20                                 (0.1)    (0.5)          118             G  (220) (111) (200)                                 TiCO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:94%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.11                                                               0.24                                 (0.1)    (2.0)   (0.4)          119             G  (220) (200) (111)                        TiN Granular      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:62%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.15                                                               0.20                        (1.7)             (0.8)   (0.5)          120             G  (111) (220) (200)                        TiC Granular                                 TiCNO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:85%  0.14                                                               0.19                        (2.9)    (0.1)    (1.2)          121             G  (220) (111) (200)         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:100% 0.12                                                               0.23                                          (1.0)          122             E  (111) (220) (200)         Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:94%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.14                                                               (Milling)                                          (0.8)   (0.3)          123             E  (220) (111) (200)                        TiC Granular                                 TiCNO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:100% 0.15                                                               (Milling)                        (1.4)    (0.1)    (0.5)          124             E  (111) (220) (200)                                 TiCNO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:100%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.14                                                               (Milling)                                 (0.1)    (0.4)   (0.2)          125              E'                (220) (111) (200)                        TiCN                            Granular      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:100% 0.15                                                               (Milling)                        (0.8)             (0.3)          126              E'                (111) (220) (200)                                 TiCNO                                     Granular                                          Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                              κ:94%                                                  TiN Granular                                                           0.14                                                               (Milling)                                 (0.2)    (1.1)   (0.2)     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 20     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                 Innermost                 First    Second             Sub-                 Layer    Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer                                                    Intermediate Layer             strate                 Compo-                     Crystal                          Compo-                              Crystal      Compo-                                               Crystal                                                    Compo-                                                        Crystal     Type    Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          sition                              Structure                                   Orientation                                           sition                                               Structure                                                    sition                                                        Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated           99             A   TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular     Cemented    (1.0)    (9.5)                     (0.1)     Carbide          100             A            TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular     Cutting              (6.1)            (2.8)    (0.1)     Tools of          101             A   TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular     Prior Art   (0.6)    (9.3)            (2.0)          102             A   TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (200) (220) (111)                                           TiC Granular                 (0.5)    (6.0)            (3.0)          103             B            TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                                    TiCO                                                        Granular                          (8.4)                     (0.1)          104             B   TiC--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 TiN      (6.6)            (3.6)    (0.1)                 (1.5)          105             B   TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (200) (220) (111)                                                    TiCO                                                        Granular                 (1.7)    (8.7)                     (0.1)          106             C            TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                                    TiCO                                                        Granular                          (9.8)                     (0.1)          107             C   TiC Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiN Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.4)    (2.5)            (1.8)    (0.1)          108             C   TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                 (0.5)    (7.7)          109             D   TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.6)    (6.3)                     (0.1)          110             D   TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiCN                                               Granular                 (0.7)    (2.4)            (1.2)          111             D   TiCN                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                 (0.5)    (8.2)          112             D            TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                          (6.9)            (1.3)     __________________________________________________________________________                             Hard Coating Layer                                      Outermost                             Outer Layer                                      Layer                             Compo-                                 Crystal                                      Compo-                                          Crystal                                               Flank Wear                     Type    sition                                 Structure                                      sition                                          Structure                                               (mm)     __________________________________________________________________________                     Coated                           99                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               0.57   0.53                     Cemented                             (2.3)    (0.2)    (Chipping)                                                      (Chipping)                     Carbide                          100                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               0.61   0.52                     Cutting (2.8)    (0.2)    (Chipping)                                                      (Chipping)                     Tools of                          101                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 κ:40%                                      TiCN--                                          Granular                                               0.59   0.43                     Prior Art                             (1.9)    TiN      (Chipping)                                                      (Chipping)                                      (0.6)                          102                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               0.60   0.57                             (2.5)    (0.3)    (Chipping)                                                      (Chipping)                          103                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%  0.64   0.60                             (3.4)             (Chipping)                                                      (Chipping)                          104                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               0.59   0.39                             (2.1)    (0.3)    (Chipping)                                                      (Chipping)                          105                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%  Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (3.2)             21.6 min. due                                                      21.6 min. due                                               to Layer                                                      to Layer                                               Separation                                                      Separation                          106                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (1.6)    (0.2)    19.5 min. due                                                      20.8 min. due                                               to Layer                                                      to Layer                                               Separation                                                      Separation                          107                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 κ40%    Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (0.9)             15.1 min. due                                                      9.8 min. due                                               to Layer                                                      to Layer                                               Separation                                                      Separation                          108                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (2.5)    (0.5)    19.5 min. due                                                      20.9 min. due                                               to Layer                                                      to Layer                                               Separation                                                      Separation                          109                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%  0.59   0.54                             (5.0)             (Chipping)                                                      (Chipping)                          110                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%  Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (8.0)             33.9 min. due                                                      3.6 min. due                                               to Chipping                                                      to Fracturing                          111                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%  Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (2.9)             12.4 min. due                                                      5.9 min. due                                               to Chipping                                                      to Fracturing                          112                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α: 100%                                      TiN Granular                                               Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (4.2)    (0.3)    11.5 min. due                                                      6.5 min. due                                               to Chipping                                                      to Fracturing     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 21     __________________________________________________________________________                 Hard Coating Layer                 Innermost                 First    Second             Sub-                 Layer    Inner Layer      Intermediate Layer                                                    Intermediate Layer             strate                 Compo-                     Crystal                          Compo-                              Crystal      Compo-                                               Crystal                                                    Compo-                                                        Crystal     Type    Symbol                 sition                     Structure                          sition                              Structure                                   Orientation                                           sition                                               Structure                                                    sition                                                        Structure     __________________________________________________________________________     Coated          113             F   TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiCN                                               Granular                                                    TiCO                                                        Granular     Cemented    (0.3)    (3.2)            (1.5)    (0.1)     Carbide          114             F   TiN--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular     Cutting     TiCN     (2.1)                     (0.2)     Tools of    (0.9)     Prior Art          115             F            TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiCN                                               Granular                          (6.5)            (1.2)          116             F            TiCN                              Granular                                   (200) (220) (111)                          (4.6)          117             G   TiC--                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                                    TiCO                                                        Granular                 TiN      (3.5)                     (0.1)                 (1.0)          118             G            TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                                    TiCO                                                        Granular                          (7.0)                     (0.1)          119             G   TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (200) (220) (111)                                           TiN Granular                 (0.6)    (3.1)            (1.8)          120             G            TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                          (3.3)            (2.8)    (0.1)          121             G            TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                          (4.5)          122             E   TiCN                     Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                 (0.5)    (3.2)          123             E   TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiC Granular                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.3)    (2.6)            (1.5)    (0.1)          124             E   TiN Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.3)    (3.5)                     (0.1)          125              E'          TiCN                              Granular                                   (220) (200) (111)                                           TiCN                                               Granular                          (3.0)            (0.9)          126              E' TiC Granular                          TiCN                              Granular                                   (111) (200) (220)                                                    TiCNO                                                        Granular                 (0.8)    (2.9)                     (0.2)     __________________________________________________________________________                             Hard Coating Layer                                      Outermost                                               Flank Wear                             Outer Layer                                      Layer    (mm)                             Compo-                                 Crystal                                      Compo-                                          Crystal                                               Continuous                                                      Interrupted                     Type    sition                                 Structure                                      sition                                          Structure                                               Cutting                                                      cutting     __________________________________________________________________________                     Coated                          113                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               Failure after                                                      Failure after                     Cemented                             (0.2)    (0.2)    13.6 min. due                                                      8.0 min. due                     Carbide                   to Chipping                                                      to Fracturing                     Cutting                          114                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               Failure after                                                      Failure after                     Tools of                             (0.7)    (0.2)    16.0 min. due                                                      7.6 min. due                     Prior Art                 to Chipping                                                      to Fracturing                          115                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 κ:40%   Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (1.5)             14.4 min. due                                                      3.1 min. due                                               to Layer                                                      to Fracturing                                               Separation                          116                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (1.2)    (0.3)    15.1 min. due                                                      6.3 min. due                                               to Layer                                                      to Fracturing                                               Separation                          117                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%  Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (0.5)             17.4 min. due                                                      5.8 min. due                                               to Chipping                                                      to Fracturing                          118                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (2.0)    (0.4)    16.2 min. due                                                      4.5 min. due                                               to Layer                                                      to Fracturing                                               Separation                          119                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 κ:40%                                      TiN Granular                                               Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (0.8)    (0.5)    12.5 min. due                                                      7.4 min. due                                               to Chipping                                                      to Fracturing                          120                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%  Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (1.2)             13.3 min. due                                                      7.9 min. due                                               to Layer                                                      to Fracturing                                               Separation                          121                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 κ:40%   Failure after                                                      Failure after                             (1.0)             17.6 min. due                                                      5.2 min. due                                               to Layer                                                      to Fracturing                                               Separation                          122                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               0.41 (Chipping)                             (0.8)    (0.3)    (Milling)                          123                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%  0.37 (Chipping)                             (0.5)             (Milling)                          124                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               0.33 (Chipping)                             (0.4)    (0.2)    (Milling)                          125                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%  0.38 (Chipping)                             (0.3)             (Milling)                          126                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                 α:100%                                      TiN Granular                                               0.36 (Chipping)                             (1.1)    (0.2)    (Milling)     __________________________________________________________________________ 

What is claimed is:
 1. A coated hard alloy blade member comprising a substrate formed of a hard alloy selected from the group consisting of a WC-based cemented carbide and a TiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating deposited on said substrate, said hard coating including an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape prepared by a two-step deposition process wherein a first coating of TiCN is formed using a CVD gas for TiCN deposition comprising acetonitrile having a concentration of acetonitrile gas from 0.01 to 0.1 vol % and second coating of TiCN is formed using a CVD gas for TiCN deposition comprising acetonitrile wherein the concentration of acetonitrile is increased to be from 0.1 to 1.0 vol % and an outer layer of Al₂ O₃ having a crystal form of κ or κ+α wherein κ>α.
 2. A coated hard alloy blade member according to claim 1, wherein the TiCN in said elongated crystals of said inner layer has X-ray diffraction peaks such that strength at (200) plane is weak compared to strengths at (111) and (220) planes.
 3. A coated hard alloy blade member according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said WC-based cemented carbide consists of 4-12% by weight of Co, 0-7% by weight of Ti, 0-7% by weight of Ta, 0-4% by weight of Nb, 0-2% by weight of Cr, 0-1% by weight of N, and balance W and C.
 4. A coated hard alloy blade member according to claim 3, wherein the maximum amount of Co in a surface layer of the substrate ranging up to 100 μm depth from a surface thereof is 1.5 to 5 times as much as the amount of Co in an interior 1 mm deep from the surface.
 5. A coated hard alloy blade member comprising:a WC-based cemented carbide substrate; and a hard coating deposited on said substrate; wherein said hard coating includes an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape prepared by a two step deposition process wherein a first coating of TiCN is formed using a CVD gas for TiCN deposition comprising acetonitrile having a concentration of acetonitrile gas of from 0.01 to 0.1 vol % and a second coating of TiCN is formed using a CVD gas for deposition comprising acetonitrile wherein the concentration of acetonitrile is increased to be from 0.1 to 1.0 vol % and an outer layer of Al₂ O₃ having a crystal form of κ or κ+α wherein κ>α. 